Climate Change and Fisheries: Meta-Synthesis of Regional Vulnerabilities and Responses
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Published:
Mar 30, 2025
Keywords:
Adaptive Strategies, Climate change, Economic Resilience, Fisheries Business, Meta-Analysis
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Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the influence of climate change on the viability of the fishing industry across Asia, Oceania, Africa, and the Americas, with particular attention to Indonesia’s fisheries sector.
Study Design/Methodology/Approach: The research applies Wavelet Fisher-Z Meta Analysis to 25 peer-reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2024. This method enables the identification of temporal patterns and regional variations in climate impacts on fisheries by stabilising effect size estimates across different environmental and institutional contexts.
Findings: The analysis reveals significant impacts of climate change on fisheries in countries including the United States, Colombia, and Vietnam, while moderate effects are observed in Indonesia. The study confirms that elevated sea surface temperatures, erratic weather patterns, and sea-level rise reduce fisheries’ productivity and threaten economic sustainability, particularly in small-scale fishing communities.
Originality/Value: This study highlights the urgency of strengthening policy integration, stakeholder coordination, and adaptive capacity in the fisheries sector. It recommends enhancing sustainable fishing practices, establishing marine conservation areas, and investing in infrastructure resilience to withstand climate variability. These findings contribute to ongoing efforts to align national strategies with the Sustainable Development Goals in securing food systems and economic stability.
Article Details
How to Cite
Rekarti, E., Wibowo, M., Mubarok, F., & Klimko, R. (2025). Climate Change and Fisheries: Meta-Synthesis of Regional Vulnerabilities and Responses. Jurnal Lemhannas RI, 13(1), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v13i1.1096
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References
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Alnafissa, M., Kotb, A., Alamri, Y., Alagsam, F., & Alhashim, J. (2021). The impact of climatic and environmental changes on the sustainable yield of the Saudi’s capture fisheries. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 33(5), 101458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101458
Anwar, M. M. M., Donia, N. S., & Hilal, H. I. A. (2023). The role of the water accounting in reducing waste rates and improving water security indicators in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Journal of Environmental Science, 52(6), 59-86. https://doi.org/10.21608/jes.2023.200797.1493
Arifanti, V. B., Novita, N., Subarno, & Tosiani, A. (2021). Mangrove deforestation and CO2 emissions in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 874(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/874/1/012006
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009). Effect sizes based on correlations. In Introduction to Meta-Analysis (pp. 41-43). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470743386.ch6
Boyce, D. G., Shackell, N., Greyson, P., & Greenan, B. (2023). A prospective framework to support climate-adaptive fisheries in Canada. Facets, 8(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2022-0164
Britten, G. L., Dowd, M., & Worm, B. (2016). Changing recruitment capacity in global fish stocks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(1), 134-139. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504709112
Chan, S., Haridhi, H. A., Damora, A., Aprilla, R. M., Rahmah, A., & Asni, K. (2023). Economic loss as the impact of climate change on tuna fishermen in Northern Indonesian waters. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1221(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1221/1/012072
Daufresne, M., & Boet, P. (2007). Climate change impacts on structure and diversity of fish communities in rivers. Global Change Biology, 13(12), 2467-2478. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01449.x
Daw, T., Adger, W. N., Brown, K., & Badjeck, M. (2009). Climate change and capture fisheries: Potential impacts, adaptation and mitigation. In Climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture (pp. 107-151).
Doktoralina, C. M., Abdullah, M. A. F., Febrian, W. D., & Maulana, D. (2025). Empowering coastal SMEs: A digital transformation model to enhance competitiveness and sustainability. Quality-Access to Success, 26(206), 422-427. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/26.206.41
Erauskin-Extramiana, M., Chust, G., Arrizabalaga, H., Cheung, W. W. L., Santiago, J., Merino, G., & Fernandes-Salvador, J. A. (2023). Implications for the global tuna fishing industry of climate change driven alterations in productivity and body sizes. Global and Planetary Change, 222, 104055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104055
Franco, B. C., Defeo, O., Piola, A. R., Barreiro, M., Yang, H., Ortega, L., Gianelli, I., Castello, J. P., Vera, C., Buratti, C., Pájaro, M., Pezzi, L. P., & Möller, O. O. (2020). Climate change impacts on the atmospheric circulation, ocean, and fisheries in the southwest South Atlantic Ocean: A review. Climatic Change, 162(4), 2359-2377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02783-6
Free, C. M., Mangin, T., Molinos, J. G., Ojea, E., Burden, M., Costello, C., & Gaines, S. D. (2020). Realistic fisheries management reforms could mitigate the impacts of climate change in most countries. Plos One, 15(3), e0224347. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224347
Gaines, S. D., Costello, C., Owashi, B., Mangin, T., Bone, J., Molinos, J. G., Burden, M., Dennis, H., Halpern, B. S., Kappel, C. V., Kleisner, K. M., & Ovando, D. (2018). Improved fisheries management could offset many negative effects of climate change. Nature Sustainability, 1(8), 448-456.
Greenan, B. J. W., Shackell, N. L., Ferguson, K., Greyson, P., Cogswell, A., Brickman, D., Wang, Z., Cook, A., Brennan, C. E., & Saba, V. S. (2019). Climate change vulnerability of American lobster fishing communities in Atlantic Canada. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 579. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00579
Haddaway, N. R., Page, M. J., Pritchard, C. C., & McGuinness, L. A. (2022). PRISMA2020: An R package and Shiny app for producing PRISMA 2020 compliant systematic review flow diagrams. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 18(e1230), 1-14.
Hartanto, D. R. (2024). National policy on particularly sensitive sea areas: Step towards Indonesian marine protection and sustainable shipping. Jurnal Lemhannas RI, 12(3), 309-332. https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v12i3.980
Kolstad, C. D., & Moore, F. C. (2020). Estimating the Economic Impacts of Climate Change Using Weather Observations. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 14(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1093/reep/rez024
Lam, V. W. Y., Allison, E., Bell, J., Blythe, J., Cheung, W., Frölicher, T., Gasalla, M., & Sumaila, U. (2020). Climate change, tropical fisheries and prospects for sustainable development. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 1, 440–454. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0071-9
Lebel, L., & Lebel, P. (2018). Emotions, attitudes, and appraisal in the management of climate-related risks by fish farmers in Northern Thailand. Journal of Risk Research, 21(8), 933–951. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2016.1264450
Lebel, L., Soe, K. M., Phuong, N. T., Navy, H., Phousavanh, P., Jutagate, T., Akester, M., & Lebel, B. (2020). Aquaculture farmers’ perceptions of climate-related risks in the Mekong Region. Regional Environmental Change, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01688-5
Li, S., Yang, Z., Nadolnyak, D., Zhang, Y., & Luo, Y. (2016). Economic impacts of climate change: Profitability of freshwater aquaculture in China. Aquaculture Research, 47(5), 1537–1548. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12614
Linsenmeier, M. (2023). Temperature variability and long-run economic development. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 121(July), 102840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2023.102840
Lotze, H. K., Bryndum-Buchholz, A., & Boyce, D. G. (2021). Effects of climate change on food production (fishing). In The Impacts of Climate Change: A Comprehensive Study of Physical, Biophysical, Social, and Political Issues. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822373-4.00017-3
Muhala, V., Chicombo, T. F., & Macate, I. E. (2021). Climate Change in Fisheries and Aquaculture: Analysis of the Impact Caused by Idai and Kenneth Cyclones in Mozambique, 5(November), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.714187
Muniz, R. J., Antonio, J., & Del, J. (2023). Impact of the Climate Change on the Production of the Fishing and Aquaculture Sectors of Latin America. Journal of Marine Economics, 13(3), 80–91.
Muringai, R. T., Mafongoya, P., & Lottering, R. T. (2022). Climate Change Perceptions, Impacts and Adaptation Strategies: Insights of Fishers in Zambezi River Basin, Zimbabwe. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063456
Ojea, E., Lester, S. E., & Salgueiro-Otero, D. (2020). Adaptation of Fishing Communities to Climate-Driven Shifts in Target Species. One Earth, 2(6), 544–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.05.012
Osman, N. F., Yassin, J., Gabir, J., Bakrin, S., & Gabir, J. (2021). Impact of the Climate Change to the Small-Scale Fisheries and Their Adaptation in Kota Belud, Sabah. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(6), 240–252. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i6/10115
Oyebola, O. O., Efitre, J., Musinguzi, L., & Falaye, A. E. (2021). Potential adaptation strategies for climate change impact among flood-prone fish farmers in climate hotspot Uganda. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(9), 12761–12790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01183-1
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Pinsky, M. L., & Fogarty, M. (2012). Lagged social-ecological responses to climate and range shifts in fisheries. Climatic Change, 115(3–4), 883–891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0599-x
Putten, I. van, Metcalf, S., Frusher, S., Marshall, N., & Tull, M. (2014). Fishing for the impacts of climate change in the marine sector: a case study. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 6(4), 421–441. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-01-2013-0002
Rahman, M. S., Toiba, H., & Huang, W. C. (2021). The Impact of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Income and Food Security: Empirical Evidence from Small-Scale Fishers in Indonesia. Sustainability, 13(14), 7905. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147905
Savo, V., Morton, C., & Lepofsky, D. (2017). Impacts of climate change for coastal fishers and implications for fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 18(5), 877–889. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12212
Selvaraj, J. J., Parra, M. A. M., & Ossa, M. A. C. (2022). Potential Adaptation Responses to Climate Change in Small-Scale Fisheries along the Colombian Pacific. International Journal of Climate Change: Impacts and Responses, 14(2), 149–171. https://doi.org/10.18848/1835-7156/CGP/V14I02/149-171
Suh, D., & Pomeroy, R. (2020). Projected Economic Impact of Climate Change on Marine Capture Fisheries in the Philippines. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00232
Sumaila, U. R., Cheung, W., Lam, V. W. Y., Pauly, D., & Herrick, S. (2011). Climate change impacts on the biophysics and economics of world fisheries. Nature Climate Change, 1, 449–456. https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE1301
Tayyar, A. E. (2024). Is global climate change affecting intra-industry trade? Econometric evidence for the fisheries sector in Turkey. Panoeconomicus, 71(3), 455–478. https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN200830003T
Tidd, A. N., Caballero, V., Ojea, E., Watson, R. A., & Garc, J. (2023). Estimating global artisanal fishing fleet responses in an era of rapid climate and economic change. Frontiers in Marine Science, March, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.997014
Torrence, C., & Compo, G. P. (1998). A Practical Guide to Wavelet Analysis. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 79(1), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<0061:APGTWA>2.0.CO;2
Townhill, B., Radford, Z., Pecl, G., Putten, I., Pinnegar, J., & Hyder, K. (2019). Marine recreational fishing and the implications of climate change. Fish and Fisheries. https://doi.org/10.1111/FAF.12392
Vinh, T., & Nguyen, H. (2022). Welfare impact of climate change on capture fisheries in Vietnam. PLOS ONE, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264997
Zahri, M. ‘Adli, Moklis, N. A., Zahri, F. ‘Alia, & Lestari, L. (2024). Resilient Food Security through ERM and Prophet Yusuf’s Approach. Jurnal Lemhannas RI, 12(4), 417–434. https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v12i4.987
Alnafissa, M., Kotb, A., Alamri, Y., Alagsam, F., & Alhashim, J. (2021). The impact of climatic and environmental changes on the sustainable yield of the Saudi’s capture fisheries. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 33(5), 101458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101458
Anwar, M. M. M., Donia, N. S., & Hilal, H. I. A. (2023). The role of the water accounting in reducing waste rates and improving water security indicators in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Journal of Environmental Science, 52(6), 59-86. https://doi.org/10.21608/jes.2023.200797.1493
Arifanti, V. B., Novita, N., Subarno, & Tosiani, A. (2021). Mangrove deforestation and CO2 emissions in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 874(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/874/1/012006
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009). Effect sizes based on correlations. In Introduction to Meta-Analysis (pp. 41-43). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470743386.ch6
Boyce, D. G., Shackell, N., Greyson, P., & Greenan, B. (2023). A prospective framework to support climate-adaptive fisheries in Canada. Facets, 8(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2022-0164
Britten, G. L., Dowd, M., & Worm, B. (2016). Changing recruitment capacity in global fish stocks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(1), 134-139. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504709112
Chan, S., Haridhi, H. A., Damora, A., Aprilla, R. M., Rahmah, A., & Asni, K. (2023). Economic loss as the impact of climate change on tuna fishermen in Northern Indonesian waters. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1221(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1221/1/012072
Daufresne, M., & Boet, P. (2007). Climate change impacts on structure and diversity of fish communities in rivers. Global Change Biology, 13(12), 2467-2478. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01449.x
Daw, T., Adger, W. N., Brown, K., & Badjeck, M. (2009). Climate change and capture fisheries: Potential impacts, adaptation and mitigation. In Climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture (pp. 107-151).
Doktoralina, C. M., Abdullah, M. A. F., Febrian, W. D., & Maulana, D. (2025). Empowering coastal SMEs: A digital transformation model to enhance competitiveness and sustainability. Quality-Access to Success, 26(206), 422-427. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/26.206.41
Erauskin-Extramiana, M., Chust, G., Arrizabalaga, H., Cheung, W. W. L., Santiago, J., Merino, G., & Fernandes-Salvador, J. A. (2023). Implications for the global tuna fishing industry of climate change driven alterations in productivity and body sizes. Global and Planetary Change, 222, 104055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104055
Franco, B. C., Defeo, O., Piola, A. R., Barreiro, M., Yang, H., Ortega, L., Gianelli, I., Castello, J. P., Vera, C., Buratti, C., Pájaro, M., Pezzi, L. P., & Möller, O. O. (2020). Climate change impacts on the atmospheric circulation, ocean, and fisheries in the southwest South Atlantic Ocean: A review. Climatic Change, 162(4), 2359-2377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02783-6
Free, C. M., Mangin, T., Molinos, J. G., Ojea, E., Burden, M., Costello, C., & Gaines, S. D. (2020). Realistic fisheries management reforms could mitigate the impacts of climate change in most countries. Plos One, 15(3), e0224347. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224347
Gaines, S. D., Costello, C., Owashi, B., Mangin, T., Bone, J., Molinos, J. G., Burden, M., Dennis, H., Halpern, B. S., Kappel, C. V., Kleisner, K. M., & Ovando, D. (2018). Improved fisheries management could offset many negative effects of climate change. Nature Sustainability, 1(8), 448-456.
Greenan, B. J. W., Shackell, N. L., Ferguson, K., Greyson, P., Cogswell, A., Brickman, D., Wang, Z., Cook, A., Brennan, C. E., & Saba, V. S. (2019). Climate change vulnerability of American lobster fishing communities in Atlantic Canada. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 579. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00579
Haddaway, N. R., Page, M. J., Pritchard, C. C., & McGuinness, L. A. (2022). PRISMA2020: An R package and Shiny app for producing PRISMA 2020 compliant systematic review flow diagrams. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 18(e1230), 1-14.
Hartanto, D. R. (2024). National policy on particularly sensitive sea areas: Step towards Indonesian marine protection and sustainable shipping. Jurnal Lemhannas RI, 12(3), 309-332. https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v12i3.980
Kolstad, C. D., & Moore, F. C. (2020). Estimating the Economic Impacts of Climate Change Using Weather Observations. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 14(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1093/reep/rez024
Lam, V. W. Y., Allison, E., Bell, J., Blythe, J., Cheung, W., Frölicher, T., Gasalla, M., & Sumaila, U. (2020). Climate change, tropical fisheries and prospects for sustainable development. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 1, 440–454. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0071-9
Lebel, L., & Lebel, P. (2018). Emotions, attitudes, and appraisal in the management of climate-related risks by fish farmers in Northern Thailand. Journal of Risk Research, 21(8), 933–951. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2016.1264450
Lebel, L., Soe, K. M., Phuong, N. T., Navy, H., Phousavanh, P., Jutagate, T., Akester, M., & Lebel, B. (2020). Aquaculture farmers’ perceptions of climate-related risks in the Mekong Region. Regional Environmental Change, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01688-5
Li, S., Yang, Z., Nadolnyak, D., Zhang, Y., & Luo, Y. (2016). Economic impacts of climate change: Profitability of freshwater aquaculture in China. Aquaculture Research, 47(5), 1537–1548. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12614
Linsenmeier, M. (2023). Temperature variability and long-run economic development. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 121(July), 102840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2023.102840
Lotze, H. K., Bryndum-Buchholz, A., & Boyce, D. G. (2021). Effects of climate change on food production (fishing). In The Impacts of Climate Change: A Comprehensive Study of Physical, Biophysical, Social, and Political Issues. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822373-4.00017-3
Muhala, V., Chicombo, T. F., & Macate, I. E. (2021). Climate Change in Fisheries and Aquaculture: Analysis of the Impact Caused by Idai and Kenneth Cyclones in Mozambique, 5(November), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.714187
Muniz, R. J., Antonio, J., & Del, J. (2023). Impact of the Climate Change on the Production of the Fishing and Aquaculture Sectors of Latin America. Journal of Marine Economics, 13(3), 80–91.
Muringai, R. T., Mafongoya, P., & Lottering, R. T. (2022). Climate Change Perceptions, Impacts and Adaptation Strategies: Insights of Fishers in Zambezi River Basin, Zimbabwe. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063456
Ojea, E., Lester, S. E., & Salgueiro-Otero, D. (2020). Adaptation of Fishing Communities to Climate-Driven Shifts in Target Species. One Earth, 2(6), 544–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.05.012
Osman, N. F., Yassin, J., Gabir, J., Bakrin, S., & Gabir, J. (2021). Impact of the Climate Change to the Small-Scale Fisheries and Their Adaptation in Kota Belud, Sabah. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(6), 240–252. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i6/10115
Oyebola, O. O., Efitre, J., Musinguzi, L., & Falaye, A. E. (2021). Potential adaptation strategies for climate change impact among flood-prone fish farmers in climate hotspot Uganda. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(9), 12761–12790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01183-1
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Pinsky, M. L., & Fogarty, M. (2012). Lagged social-ecological responses to climate and range shifts in fisheries. Climatic Change, 115(3–4), 883–891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0599-x
Putten, I. van, Metcalf, S., Frusher, S., Marshall, N., & Tull, M. (2014). Fishing for the impacts of climate change in the marine sector: a case study. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 6(4), 421–441. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-01-2013-0002
Rahman, M. S., Toiba, H., & Huang, W. C. (2021). The Impact of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Income and Food Security: Empirical Evidence from Small-Scale Fishers in Indonesia. Sustainability, 13(14), 7905. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147905
Savo, V., Morton, C., & Lepofsky, D. (2017). Impacts of climate change for coastal fishers and implications for fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 18(5), 877–889. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12212
Selvaraj, J. J., Parra, M. A. M., & Ossa, M. A. C. (2022). Potential Adaptation Responses to Climate Change in Small-Scale Fisheries along the Colombian Pacific. International Journal of Climate Change: Impacts and Responses, 14(2), 149–171. https://doi.org/10.18848/1835-7156/CGP/V14I02/149-171
Suh, D., & Pomeroy, R. (2020). Projected Economic Impact of Climate Change on Marine Capture Fisheries in the Philippines. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00232
Sumaila, U. R., Cheung, W., Lam, V. W. Y., Pauly, D., & Herrick, S. (2011). Climate change impacts on the biophysics and economics of world fisheries. Nature Climate Change, 1, 449–456. https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE1301
Tayyar, A. E. (2024). Is global climate change affecting intra-industry trade? Econometric evidence for the fisheries sector in Turkey. Panoeconomicus, 71(3), 455–478. https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN200830003T
Tidd, A. N., Caballero, V., Ojea, E., Watson, R. A., & Garc, J. (2023). Estimating global artisanal fishing fleet responses in an era of rapid climate and economic change. Frontiers in Marine Science, March, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.997014
Torrence, C., & Compo, G. P. (1998). A Practical Guide to Wavelet Analysis. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 79(1), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<0061:APGTWA>2.0.CO;2
Townhill, B., Radford, Z., Pecl, G., Putten, I., Pinnegar, J., & Hyder, K. (2019). Marine recreational fishing and the implications of climate change. Fish and Fisheries. https://doi.org/10.1111/FAF.12392
Vinh, T., & Nguyen, H. (2022). Welfare impact of climate change on capture fisheries in Vietnam. PLOS ONE, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264997
Zahri, M. ‘Adli, Moklis, N. A., Zahri, F. ‘Alia, & Lestari, L. (2024). Resilient Food Security through ERM and Prophet Yusuf’s Approach. Jurnal Lemhannas RI, 12(4), 417–434. https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v12i4.987