Developing Green Defence Financing for Indo-Pacific Maritime Security Resilience
Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: To conceptualise a sustainable defence financing model by embedding green finance principles into maritime security frameworks in the Indo-Pacific, where ecological vulnerability and geopolitical pressures are intensifying.
Study Design/Methodology/Approach: A descriptive qualitative approach is adopted to explore secondary sources comprising policy documents, multilateral reports, and scholarly literature. Institutional Theory and Resource-Based Theory guide the analytical lens to examine how legitimacy, regulatory adaptation, and internal capacities shape green-oriented defence mechanisms.
Findings: Defence financing strategies that align with ESG principles offer a pragmatic response to regional instability and environmental threats. Key mechanisms identified include the issuance of green bonds, development of low-emission technologies, ESG-based procurement criteria, and collaborative financing through regional platforms. Successful integration depends on institutional coherence and innovation capacity across defence and financial sectors.
Originality/Value: Introduces a novel intersection between green finance and defence strategy within Indo-Pacific policy discourse. Provides an interdisciplinary model that reframes defence financing as both a geopolitical instrument and a sustainability lever, offering actionable insights for national governments, financial institutions, and multilateral bodies.
Article Details
How to Cite
Lucky Nugroho, Timea Gal, Reni Mayerni, Rizki Briandana, & Achmad Jamil. (2025). Developing Green Defence Financing for Indo-Pacific Maritime Security Resilience. Jurnal Lemhannas RI, 13(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v13i1.1060
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References
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Belcher, O., Bigger, P., Neimark, B., & Kennelly, C. (2019). Hidden carbon costs of the "everywhere war": Logistics, geopolitical ecology, and the carbon boot-print of the US military. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 45(1), 65-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12319
Fadjarenie, A., Nugroho, L., Utami, W., Mappayunki, R., Daito, A., Oktris, L., Andesto, R., Yusoff, Y. M., Muhammad, Z., & Rosufila, Z. (2024). Empowerment of Local Government Officials in Managing Waste to Support Sustainable Development (Case Study in Lebak Regency). Amalee: Indonesian Journal of Community Research and Engagement, 5(2), 659-675. https://doi.org/10.37680/amalee.v5i2.4620
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Fantony, Y., Nugroho, L., & Zulfahmi, Z. (2023). Kajian Potensi dan Tantangan Pariwisata di Kota Singkawang. Jurnal Manajemen Pariwisata Dan Perhotelan, 1(2), 46-60.
Fauziah, U. N., Nugroho, L., & Hidayah, N. (2024). Financial Resilience Amidst the Pandemic: A Study on Net Interest Margin and Key Banking Ratios in Indonesia. Economics & Islamic Finance Journal (ECIF), 1(2), 97-114.
Fitton, J. M., Hansom, J. D., & Rennie, A. F. (2018). A Method for Modelling Coastal Erosion Risk: The Example of Scotland. Natural Hazards, 91(3), 931-961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-3164-0
Germond, B., & Ha, F. W. (2018). Climate Change and Maritime Security Narrative: The Case of the International Maritime Organisation. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 9(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-018-0509-2
Hitt, M. A., Xu, K., & Carnes, C. M. (2015). Resource Based Theory in Operations Management Research. Journal of Operations Management, 41(1), 77-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2015.11.002
Houston, J. F., & Shan, H. (2021). Corporate ESG Profiles and Banking Relationships. Review of Financial Studies, 35(7), 3373-3417. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhab125
Hu, S., Zhu, J. Q., Zhao, X., & Xu, Z. (2023). Digital Finance and Corporate Sustainability Performance: Promoting or Restricting? Evidence From China's Listed Companies. Sustainability, 15(13), 9855. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139855
Irianto, B. S., & Sutrisno, S. (2024). Indonesia's Attitude in Facing the South China Sea Conflict, Policy Analysis and Implications. EQUALEGUM International Law Journal, 59-64. https://doi.org/10.61543/equ.v2i2.74
Istianah, I., & Nugroho, L. (2024). Strengthening Economic Stability in Muslim Families: The Role of Islamic Financial Literacy Post-Covid-19. Social and Economic Bulletin, 1(3), 176-191. https://doi.org/10.70550/sebi.v1i3.65
Kaltenborn, B. P., Kaltenborn, J. F., Baczynska, B. B., Kornfeldt, J., & Hovelsrud, G. K. (2021). Media Coverage of Environmental and Social Change in Northern Norway's Coastal Regions: Main Themes in National and International News. Arctic, 74(2), 152-166. https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic72474
Lakasse, S., Amril, A., Syamsuri, H., & Jusman, I. A. (2024). The Role of Green Finance in Sustainable Business Strategies: Opportunities and Challenges for Business Organizations. Jurnal Penelitian Inovatif, 4(2), 665-672. https://doi.org/10.54082/jupin.379
Lawrence, T. B. (1999). Institutional Strategy. Journal of Management, 25(2), 161-187. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639902500203
Li, C., Solangi, Y. A., & Ali, S. (2023). Evaluating the Factors of Green Finance to Achieve Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Targets in China: A Delphi and Fuzzy AHP Approach. Sustainability, 15(3), 2721. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032721
Lindley, J. (2020). Criminal Threats Undermining Indo-Pacific Maritime Security: Can International Law Build Resilience? Journal of Asian Economic Integration, 2(2), 206-220. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684620940477
Lyu, Y., Bai, Y., & Zhang, J. (2023). Green Finance Policy and Enterprise Green Development: Evidence From China. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(1), 414-432. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2577
Martin, K., McLeod, E. M., Périard, J. D., Rattray, B., Keegan, R., & Pyne, D. B. (2019). The Impact of Environmental Stress on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review. Human Factors the Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 61(8), 1205-1246. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819839817
Mejía-Escobar, J. C., González-Ruíz, J. D., & Grisales, E. A. D. (2020). Sustainable Financial Products in the Latin America Banking Industry: Current Status and Insights. Sustainability, 12(14), 5648. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145648
Nugroho, L., Badawi, A., & Hidayah, N. (2019). Discourses of Sustainable Finance Implementation in Islamic Bank (Case Studies in Bank Mandiri Syariah 2018). International Journal of Financial Research, 10(6), 108-117. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v10n6p108
Nugroho, L., Chaniago, N., Firdayetti, F., Pratiwi, F. A., & Aurelia, F. N. (2024). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Sharia Accounting Perspective: Challenges and Opportunities Towards Sustainability. Pelita: Jurnal Penelitian, Terapan Dan Aplikatif, 1(3), 153-167.
Nugroho, L., Fajarsari, I. M., Solikin, A., Yusdita, E. E., Fatriansyah, A. I. A., Irwanto, I., Atiningsih, S., Susilawati, N., Gainau, P. C., Hippy, M. Z., Rahmadi, H., Januarsi, Y., & Faisol, I. A. (2023). Metodologi Penelitian Akuntansi dan Praktik Penulisan Artikel Bidang Akuntansi. Widina Bhakti Persada Bandung.
Nugroho, L., Nugraha, E., & Badawi, A. (2020). Sustainable Finance Portfolio Analysis in Islamic Bank (Segment Perspective). International Journal of Commerce and Finance, 6(2), 226-240.
Nur Aini, D., Winarno, A., Yusniawati, Y., & Rahman, A. A. (2023). Digital Transformation of the Management Information System (MIS) at Pondok AnNahdloh, Selangor, Malaysia. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 51, 112-122. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v49i1.9734
Nuraeni, I., Nugroho, L., & Sugiarti, D. (2024). Kajian Knowledge Based Theory dalam Aplikasi Mobile Banking Bank Syariah dan Bank Konvensional (Studi Kasus Pada Bank Syariah Indonesia dan Bank Mandiri). Pelita: Jurnal Penelitian, Terapan Dan Aplikatif, 1(2), 78-95. https://doi.org/10.22441/pelita.2024.v1i1.001
Potts, T., Pita, C., O’Higgins, T., & Mee, L. (2016). Who Cares? European Attitudes Towards Marine and Coastal Environments. Marine Policy, 72, 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2016.06.012
Prantl, J., & Goh, E. (2022). Rethinking strategy and statecraft for the twenty-first century of complexity: A case for strategic diplomacy. International Affairs, 98(2), 443–469. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiab212
Ramadhani, Q. R., & Nugroho, L. (2024). SHARIA HOTELS AND HALAL TOURISM ECOSYSTEM: STRATEGIES TO MAKE INDONESIA THE CENTER OF HALAL TOURISM IN THE WORLD. International Seminar Conference of Economics and Business Excellence, 1, 117–125.
Rodríguez, E., Alcaide, J. I., & Llave, R. G. (2024). Challenges and Security Risks in the Red Sea: Impact of Houthi Attacks on Maritime Traffic. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 12(11), 1900. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12111900
Satizábal, P., Dressler, W., Fabinyi, M., & Pido, M. D. (2020). Blue Economy Discourses and Practices: Reconfiguring Ocean Spaces in the Philippines. Maritime Studies, 19(2), 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-020-00168-0
Scott, D. (2013). Australia’s Embrace of the “Indo-Pacific”: New Term, New Region, New Strategy? International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 13(3), 425–448. https://doi.org/10.1093/irap/lct009
Setyadi, A., Jamil, A., Nugroho, L., Ekonomi, F., & Buana, U. M. (2025). Training on Beach Tourism Through Social Media: Citizen Journalism News Content Production in Sawarna. ABDIMAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 8(1), 128–135.
Sher, S., & Nawaz, S. (2021). Impact of Green Servant Leadership on Organizational Sustainability: The Mediating Role of Green Human Resource Management Practices. Irasd Journal of Management, 3(3), 448–457. https://doi.org/10.52131/jom.2021.0303.0057
Sholihah, A., & Nugroho, L. (2025). Beyond Tax Knowledge: Exploring the Impact of Digital Literacy and Tax Stereotypes on MSME Tax Compliance (Case Study on MSME Taxpayers in Kesambi District, Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia). Business, Management & Accounting Journal (BISMA), 2(1 SE-Articles), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.70550/bisma.v2i1.85
Singh, G. G., Cottrell, R. S., Eddy, T. D., & Cisneros-Montemayor, A. M. (2021). Governing the land–sea interface to achieve sustainable coastal development. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 709947. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.709947
Song, R., Wu, L., Geraci, M., & Zhong, H. (2022). Maritime cooperation and ocean governance 2021 symposium report. Marine Policy, 146, 105302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105302
Sukmawijaya, Risman, H., & Widjayanto, J. (2022). Implications of tensions in South China Sea region on land force strategy in Indonesia's defense. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 6(2), 629–637. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.6229
Svoboda, A. (2023). The role of financial services in the transition to a sustainable economy. Journal of Strategic Innovation and Sustainability, 18(3), Article 6585. https://doi.org/10.33423/jsis.v18i3.6585
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